English Education Professor

The gap between novice and expert learners is vast, but substantial research demonstrates there are several essential differences: expert learners notice meaningful information overlooked by novices; experts organize their knowledge associatively rather than sequentially; and experts recognize that the applicability of their skills and knowledge depends on circumstances, while novices bluntly apply their smaller skill set to every problem, even when profoundly inappropriate.

via SAMPLE REALITY · What is Critical Thinking?.

Dan Roam’s The Back of the Napkin: Solving Problems and Selling Ideas with Pictures (2008). The web site to the book is generous in supplying the tools and handouts for free…but I had to buy the thing.